In child development, which stage involves children starting to assert control over their environment?

The stage where children begin to assert control over their environment is characterized by their desire for independence and the ability to make choices. This is known as the Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt stage, which is a part of Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory. During this stage, typically occurring between the ages of 1 and 3 years, children start exploring their surroundings, practicing their newfound skills of walking, talking, and using the toilet, among other self-care tasks. This self-assertion is crucial for developing a sense of autonomy.

If children are encouraged and supported in their attempts for independence, they develop a sense of autonomy. Conversely, if they experience excessive control or criticism, they may feel shame and doubt their abilities. Therefore, this stage is essential for building confidence and a sense of self, as children begin to understand their capabilities and the concept of personal control over their environment.