Which architectural style emphasizes simplification of form and elimination of ornamentation, emerging around 1900?

The architectural style that emphasizes simplification of form and elimination of ornamentation, emerging around 1900, aligns with the characteristics of Early Modern architecture. This movement sought to break away from historical styles filled with decorative elements and aimed instead for functional forms that embraced modern materials and construction techniques.

Early Modern architecture is marked by minimalism, clean lines, and a focus on the essentials of structure and functionality. Key figures in this movement, such as Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright, advocated for designs that asserted usefulness over unnecessary embellishment. This shift was reflective of broader societal changes, including industrial advances and new ways of living and working in urban settings.

Other styles listed, such as Art Deco, Postmodern, and Critical Regionalism, do not fit this description as precisely. Art Deco is known for its decorative and ornamental approach, emphasizing lavish details. Postmodern architecture reacts against the principles of Modernism but often does so by reintroducing ornamentation and historical references. Critical Regionalism, while incorporating local context and culture, still maintains some complexity in design rather than strict simplification. Therefore, Early Modern is the style that most accurately encapsulates the stated characteristics.